Instructional Objectives Essay Example for Free

Instructional Objectives EssayInstructional butts may likewise be called performance objectives, behavioural objectives, or simply objectives. All of these terms be used interchangeably. Objectives argon specific, outcome based, measurable, and describe the savants behaviour by and by instruction. Instructional objectives serve as goals that teachers have set in the achievement of a great goal. They also tell scholarly persons what is expected of them. Instructional objectives make definite the direction in which teaching leads and become the focus of instruction, non only for the teachers, but also for the students. Without instructional objectives teaching is comparable to a fallen leaf whose destination is dependent on the will of the wind. Without instructional objectives, teachers will have nothing to issue forth in order to achieve what it should achieve. A well-scripted objective should meet the following criteria describe a tuition outcome, be student oriented, be observable or describe an observable product. A well-written objective should describe a learning outcome. It should not describe a learning activity.Learning activities atomic number 18 important in planning and guiding instruction but they atomic number 18 not to be confused with instructional objectives. A student-oriented objective focuses on the learner, not on the teacher. It describes what the learner will be expected to be able to do. It should not describe a teacher activity. It may be helpful to both the teacher and the student to know what the teacher is pass to do but teacher activities are also not to be confused with instructional objectives.If an instructional objective is not observable, it leads to unclear expectations and it will be difficult to determine whether or not it had been reached. The key to writing observable objectives is to use verbs that are observable and lead to a well de charmingd product of the action implied by that verb. Verbs such as to k now, to understand, to enjoy, to appreciate, to realize, and to value are vague and not observable. Verbs such as to identify, to list, to select, to compute, to predict, and to analyze are explicit and describe observable actions or actions that lead to observable products.For an instruction to be useful, an objective must not only be well written but it also must meet the following criteria be sequentially appropriate, be attainable within a reasonable amount of cartridge holder, be developmentally appropriate. For an objective to be sequentially appropriate it must occur in an appropriate place in the instructional sequence. All prerequisite objectives must already have been attained. Nothing thwarts the learning process more than having learners trying to accomplish an objective before they have learned the necessary prerequisites.This is why continuous discernment of student progress is so important. A useful objective is attainable within a reasonable time. If an instruction al objective takes students an inordinately long time to accomplish, it is either sequentially inappropriate or it is too broad, relying on the accomplishment of several outcomes or sciences rather than a single outcome or skill. An objective should set expectations for a single learning outcome and not a cluster of them. Instructional objectives are often classified according to the kind or level of learning that is required in order to reach them.There are numerous taxonomies of instructional objectives the most common taxonomy was developed by gum benzoin Bloom and his colleagues. The first level of the taxonomy divides objectives into three categories cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Simply put, cognitive objectives focus on the mind affective objectives focus on emotions or affect and psychomotor objectives focus on the body. Cognitive objectives call for outcomes of mental activity such as memorizing, reading, problem solving, analyzing, synthesizing, and drawing conclu sions.Bloom and others further categorize cognitive objectives into mixed levels from the simplest cognitive tasks to the most complex cognitive task. These categories can be helpful when trying to order objectives so they are sequentially appropriate. This helps to insure that prerequisite outcomes are accomplished first. Affective objectives focus on emotions. Whenever a person seeks to learn to react in an appropriate way emotionally, there is some thinking going on.What distinguishes affective objectives from cognitive objectives is the fact that the goal of affective objectives is some kind of affective behavior or the product of an affect (e. g. , an attitude). The goal of cognitive objectives, on the other hand, is some kind of cognitive response or the product of a cognitive response (e. g. , a problem solved). Psychomotor objectives focus on the body and the goal of these objectives is the control or manipulation of the muscular skeletal system or some part of it (e. g. , d ancing, writing, tumbling, passing a ball, and drawing).All skills requiring fine or gross motor coordination fall into the psychomotor category. To learn a motor skill requires some cognition. However, the ultimate goal is not the cognitive aspects of the skill such as memorizing the steps to take. The ultimate goal is the control of muscles or muscle groups. The following are the importance of instructional objectives in teaching I. C. T Firstly, Instructional objectives are of immense significance in todays education process. They provide organizers of the process with the opportunity to delve into learners mind and know where they are heading.Instructional objectives provide teachers the opportunity to design proper assessment procedure through tests and evaluation. Students know what they are supposed to do, use before or after a particular class. Instructional objectives also help trace the amount of change that has been brought about in a student. It gives a definite directio n to the all told teaching-learning and evaluation process of a particular class in classroom situations. It also helps both the teacher as well as students in ascertain particular educational goals and enables them to focus their attention on specific learning activities to achieve those goals.Through instructional objectives the organizers of educational process can determine the resources, seam materials, curricular and co-curricular activities, relevant contents and references etc. which are so vital to make the process functional. Instructional objectives also lead the teacher into discovering the best learning situations, strength and weaknesses of the prevalent learning process, level of growth and development of learners through a pre-determined evaluation process. In short, instructional objectives help in monitoring and evaluating the full educational process in minute details.

What was important to women in the past Essay Example for Free

What was classical to women in the retiring(a) EssayIn the early 20s, things like getting married at an early age while you were static at your prime, building a family, buying a house with a white picket fence were pregnant. Then in the 30s, getting married and having a family was motionlessness the most important thing, and also perhaps becoming a socialite and presenting a good imaging. *NOTE It may be important to set that women were always expected to keep up appearances or be perfect and project the right image. At this point, having a career was relatively not important In the 60s is when women started getting out there and looking for jobs.Although having a family/husband was still important, women started getting jobs. However, the jobs they were getting were not like the mens they mostly had jobs like secretaries, teachers, nurses (jobs that yield become stereotypical. ) As time progressed, the importance of having a career and being independent grew among wom en. We definitely saw this in the early 80s with women starting to break into the profession world. The importance of this to women was shown in movies and music of the 80s. Even in fashion, we started seeing women dressing like men I. e.blazers, pants instead of skirts, ties careers, independence, and equality became blush more important. During the 90s and up until today, women still find family important, but they recognize that personal stability, independence, education and your career are 1. * NOTE We see this belief in powder stores like Cosmopolitan magazine as images as successful working women are portrayed. -women dont care as much of the image they should portray as much as in the past even though the pressure to do so is still there. -now women look for things like pay equality.-in the future, I think career will be even more important, in addition to making money. -this ambition can, in turn, only be good for the economy because women will get into the usually ma le henpecked fields that usually pay the most women will be able to generate more money for companies. Past/ Present/ Future opportunities women had/will gain (edu. /jobs/to make money. ) In the past, definitely, women were not expected or encouraged to continue their education after high school therefore, their opportunities were limited. Nonetheless, the chance to go to school was still available as far back as the 20s.Career-wise, even if a women did go to university, for example, she was expected to take the jobs for women, like a teacher. There were hardly every female doctors, scientists, lawyers In that sense, those opportunities were limited. Obviously more educational and career opportunities have risen over the decades. Now there are chances for everyone. BUT, some stereotypes still pull round of, women not belonging in the tech world. That may limit possibilities of advancement. In the future though will change because weve already stared to see it happen lento but surely.Progress Development Report When we first started our task list of the things we wanted to talk about in our I. S. U. we decided to include the following points womens roles at home, their roles in community, what was important to them, how did they make money, their knowledge of the work force, education/opportunities, knowledge of innovations, and obstacles to overcome. However, as we thought about how we were going to organize this so that it would flow coherently and be interesting to read, we decided to focus on one task point and pull other ideas from our other points that would correlate.We decided to select the dubiousness, What was important to women then, what is important to them now, and what will be important to them in the future? By doing this, we can accurately create a comparison of how their roles at home and in society have changed by revealing womens changing priorities. Also through personal accounts, statistics, historical findings from books and the internet, we will set the stage, or describe what was going on at the time to answer the other questions like the obstacles women had to overcome ( ie.Unequal pay ), or education and opportunities (ie. The growth of their opportunities or lack their of. )Our group decided to answer the question of what women find important to not only present the project in a more interesting way and not just report the information, but to make it more personal. So far, we have had success in our change in organization for we are finding it much easier to systematize the information and that is, in turn, making our assignment all the better.

Child Abuse And Child Protection Criminology Essay

Child Abuse And Child Protection Criminology EssayThe objective of this story is to reflect the role the Internet has on the intimate exploitation of infantren today. The central premise is the abomination of online fry intimate exploitation with the specific attention on sexual predators online cookery behaviours for procure workforcet of fryren for sexual wickedness. The paper begins with a brief everywhereview of shaver sexual abuse and sexual exploitation, followed by a short background of computers and the Internet. The paper shall examine and discuss sexual predators, online grooming, openingibility, anonymity, content, and dupeisation and highlight an opposing view. During the manikin of the paper, the term children implies the ages 12 to 17 years, and the expression sexual predators applied to define adults who habitually seek out sexual situations that be deemed exploitative while the use of the word Internet encompasses the terms World Wide Web and cyberspace .Throughout the course of this paper, I intend to demonstrate that, comp ared to previous generations, technology and the Internet has exposed children of the digital and virtual generation to the immeasurable vulnerability of becoming a victim of child sexual exploitation.Child abuse is universal it is an extensive social phenomena on a global level that occurs by four methods neglect, physical abuse, delirious abuse or sexual abuse (Rivett Kelly, 2006 and Lancaster Lumb, 1999). Child sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses their power or permit to involve a child in sexual activity (Child Rights International Network (CRIN), 2012). Child sexual abuse is a multi-layered problem astonishingly complex in its characteristics, dynamics, causes and consequences with no universal definition (Hobday Ollier, 2004 Price-Robertson, Bromfield, Vassallo, 2010 and Browne Lynch, 1995). Therefore, child sexual abuse can be understood to encompass physical, verbal or emotional abuse (Barber , 2012 and Friedman, 1990) and can involve exposing a sexual body part to a child, and talking in a sexually apparent way (Finkelhor Hotaling, 1984).With the introduction of the Internet, online child sexual abuse has later on entered the perplexing realm of child abuse. Child sexual abuse at one time encompasses sending obscene text messages or emails, or showing pornographic photographs to a child, solicitation, and online grooming to facilitate procurement of a child for sexual contact (Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 Stanley, 2003). Choo indicated that a study showed that 85 to 95% of child sexual abuse cases, the child knew the perpetrator as an acquaintance or family member in real life but had used the Internet and other technology to further their grooming activities (2009, p. xiii). Therefore, it could be suggested that technology has enhanced opportunities of child sexual abuse for offenders.The first personal computer became available in 1975 (Peter, 2004), and a new pheno menon entered the global ornament in 1969, but it was not until 1993 that it became a commercial product the Internet (Jones Quayle, 2005 and Peter, 2004). The Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2012), revealed Internet access exploded from 286,000 Internet households in 1996 to an undreamt of 13.1 million in 2010/2011. In almost two decades, the Internet has moved from an ambiguous communications vehicle to a vast virtual world and a ubiquitous fixture in homes, schools and workplaces an indispensable component of millions of peoples lives (Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 and Quayle, Vaughan, Taylor, 2006). The universality of this technology revolution has changed lives in dramatic ways by shortening the geographical distances and facilitating ways to share information (Stanley, 2001). Computers and the Internet are valuable tools for childrens learning, but like all revolutions, the Internet has simultaneously brought about a darker side (Won, Ok-Ran, Chulyun, Jungmin, 2011 Jone s Quayle, 2005 and Stanley, 2001) including the establishment of online child sexual exploitation from sexual predators.Child sexual exploitation is an umbrella term for a spectrum of negative sexual experiences including exposure to unwanted sexually unvoiced bodily and uninvited requests for sexual conversations (Burgess, Mahoney, Visk Morgenbesser, 2008 and Jones Quayle, 2005). The Internet created a portal for sexual predators to further facilitate child sexual exploitation.The Internet has baffle is a range of a function edged sword (Won et al, 2011), although it is an indispensable element of life with the average Australian child spending between 11 to 21hrs per week online (Irvine, 2009), it also delivers new prospects for sexual predators to sexually exploit young Internet users. Sexual predators have been part of society throughout history (Choo, 2009), and now the Internet provides an opportunity for sexual predators to engagement grooming behaviours online for so licitation, harassment, exploitation, production of abuse images and participate in abusive acts (Dombrowski, LeMansey, Ahia, Dickson, 2004 and Quayle, Vaughan, Taylor, 2006). Feather (1999) acknowledges that the internet has been shown to act as a new medium through which rough commonly recognised forms of child maltreatment, sexual and emotional abuse may be pursued. Australia, in 2006, had 130 completed prosecutions for online child sexual exploitation offenses, in the same year the unite Kingdom had 322 cases while the United States case reports grew from 4,560 in 1998 to an astonishing 76,584 by the end of 2006 (Choo, 2009, pp. xi -xii). The Internet has provided an accessible approach for sexual predators to enter the homes of children previously unattainable as prior to the Internet the act of grooming by sexual predators would have required the predator to physically stalk their victims or to know them through legitimate reasons (Armagh, 1998).Child grooming typically b egins through a non-sexual, manipulative approach to assist the enticement of a child through active engagement, and by utilising their skills of power and control to lower a childs inhibitions, to desensitise them and to gain their trust before luring them into interaction (Australian Institute of Criminology Online child grooming laws, 2008 Choo, 2009 Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 Beech, Elliott, Birgden Findlater, 2008 and Gallagher, 2007). Child grooming is not a new phenomenon it dates back to when child sexual abuse was first identified and define (Martellezzo, cited in Davidson Gottschalk, 2011, p. 104). The traditionalistic process of child grooming entailed close physical proximity to a child and many sexual predatory selected jobs as child-serving professionals or volunteers, this enabled them to have positions of authority and to gain childrens trust to a greater expiration easily (Berson, 2003, p. 10). The conventional methods placed the sexual predator at significant personal pretend as they were exposed to uncertainty of any special attention or affection directed towards a child (Armagh, 1998 Gallagher, 2007).The Internet aids sexual predators to shorten the trust building consequence and to simultaneously have access to multiple victims across the globe (Berson, 2003 and Davidson Gottschalk, 2011). Sexual predators utilise the Internet to groom a child for either immediate sexual gratification or to persistently groom a child online to lay the foundations for sexual abuse in the physical world (Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 and Quayle, Vaughan Taylor, 2006). Choo (2009, p. xii) stated that in the United States in 2006, there were 6,384 reports made regarding online enticement. The advent of the Internet facilitates sexual predators a formidable utopia of opportunity for sexual abuse through easier, simpler and faster heartbeat access to potential child victims worldwide. The central differences for sexual predators in the physical world and the online world are accessibility and anonymity.The Internet changed the way people interact, and online communication has become an integral part of society. Instant messaging and chat dwell are readily accessed by sexual predators to discover and target potential victims (Berson, 2003 Choo, 2009 Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 and Stanley, 2001). Choo (2009) indicates that studies have shown 55% of sexual predators utilise social networking sites to enable quick, effective and ostensibly with confidentiality. Sexual predators employ their skills by exploiting search engines to locate publically available information on children and their activities, and acquiring personal information from participating in chat rooms which, then permits them to attract, manipulate and build long term virtual relationships with potential victims (Berson, 2003 Choo, 2009 Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 and Stanley, 2001). gibe to Choo (2009) a study in the United States in 2006 indicated that 71% of chi ldren have established an online profile on social networking sites with 47% of them allowing their profiles to be public- viewable by anyone. 40% of sexual predators will read online profiles of children in an attempt to identify potential victims according to a study conducted by Malesky (2007). Social networking sites, chat rooms, and instant messaging support sexual predators access to children through real time open access to specific subject forums, searchable profiles, display of personal information, message boards and instant contact (Aiken, Moran Berry, 2011 Calder, 2004 Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 Dombrowski et al, 2004 and Marcum, 2007). Before the Internet, this type of information and access would have been almost impossible for a predator to acquire.The Internet provides a previously unattainable ground level of anonymity and this allows a sexual predator to hide behind their masquerade personas to entice interaction with children (Choo, 2009). One of the of import attractions of the Internet for sexual predators is the anonymity. A child does not always know who they are interrelating with, and they may think they know, but unless it is a school friend or a relative, they genuinely cannot be sure. Utilising screen door of identity, many sexual predators are to a greater extent inclined to behave deviant uninhibited through anonymity and the depersonalised isolation of the virtual world with little risk of detection (Aiken et al, 2011 Burgess et al, 2008). Feather (1999, p. 7) specified that many child sexual predators lurk in chat rooms they remain in the background intensively reading chat room posts without actually commenting themselves, they monitor the rooms looking for potential victims or they use a pseudonym to facilitate interaction. In 2006, there were 850,000 cases of children receiving unwanted sexual approaches in chat rooms online in the United Kingdom, many anonymously or posing as a child (Choo, 2009). The main aim of mask ing their identities is to gain the trust of a child to facilitate the eventual physical contact. A study by Malesky (2007) revealed 80% of participants frequented chat rooms geared towards minors and used pseudonyms to improve their chances of making contact with a child and to eventually generate an offline meeting. Technical advances have introduced sexual predators to protocols and programs that enable them to conceal their identities which makes it difficult to trace and locate them (Choo, 2009). The proliferation and quiet of accessibility has allowed for child sexual predators to electronically creep into the bedrooms of children where they engage in sexually explicit chat, cyber voyeurism and exhibitionism over the expanding Internet.Since the Internet is largely uncensored and only partially regulated (Stanley, 2003) it has enabled sexual predators to expose children to negative content such as dirty word and sexually explicit material. The unprecedented ease of access to the Internet introduced a vehicle for the flow of digital and electronic data of sexually exploitative material including sexual imagery. The Cyber Tipline in the United States advocates that in 2002, 51 million images and videos of pornography were on the Internet depicting children and indicated that between 1998 and 2012, there were 1.3 million reports regarding sexual inappropriate conduct and material these included child pornography and unsolicited obscene material sent to a child (National Center for Missing Exploited Children, 2012). Sexual predators use pornography and sexually explicit materials to desensitise children to deviant sexual stimuli to encourage them to participate in sexual activities. 1 in 25 children have been asked to send sexual pictures of themselves to someone on the Internet (Mitchell, Finkelhor Wolak, 2007). Children are the targets for most sexual predators as their social skills are generally incomplete and they are less likely to plunge up on th e relevant clues of grooming such as inappropriate remarks (Choo, 2009).Children in the higher age brackets are more likely targets for sexual predators imputable in part to their greater mobility, sexual curiosity and autonomy (Choo, 2009 and Davidson Gottschalk, 2011). These children have an intense interest in expanding social networks, taking risks and forming emotional bonds with others. They share more personal information, interact with strangers via chat rooms, email or post pictures online, visit adult content websites and chat rooms and agree to meet with someone in person when they met online.Examination of literature for this paper indicated that the Internet poses real dangers to children and they can be vulnerable to sexual predators (for example see, Bersen, 2008 Choo, 2009 Davidson Gottschalk, 2011 Jones Quayle, 2005 Malesky, 2005 and Stanley, 2001). Even though Byron cited in Moran et al indicated that sexual predators may be increasingly moving online, given the increasingly restrictive real world access to children, it is impossible to determine the full extent of the numbers of children who have experienced online child sexual exploitation due to most cases not being reported but an Australian study estimated 28% of girls and 9% of boys have in some form been sexually exploited online (Choo, 2009).Wolak, Finkelhor, Mitchell and Ybarra (2008) argue that the Internet has only provided a new avenue for an old crime and suggest that through their research Internet initiated sexual abuse numbers are largely inaccurate. They suggest that the majority of the physical offline encounters is between adult men and underage adolescents who used online communities and were aware they were conversing with adults who rarely deceived them about their sexual interests and that the estimated 500 arrests in the United States for statutory rape occurring from internet contact 95% are non-forcible the adolescent was a willing participant. Richards (2011) su ggests that situational and environmental factors play a key role in sexual offending and research has shown that most sexual predators are known to their victims they are not targeted by strangers. Tomison (2001) specifies that in Australia it was not until the late 1900s did welfare groups begin to recognise that most perpetrators of child sexual abuse were from within the family known as intrafamilial sexual abuse (Smallbone Wortley, 2001). In the 1920s child sexual abuse became characterised as abuse committed by strangers known as extrafamilial sexual abuse (Smallbone Wortley, 2001). Today it appears to be seen as a mixture of both.In conclusion, child sexual abuse is a multifaceted problem, and the Internet has now contributed to the complexities of this. Child sexual predators are those who take unfair advantage of some imbalance of power between themselves and a child in order to sexually use them either online or in the physical world. Sexual predators predominately util ise the art of grooming to entice the trust of a child and while has been a part of the physical world of sexual predators in previous generations, the Internet has facilitated the use of grooming to a whole new level on the attached generation. The Internet is a continuous, evolving entity that has become part of mainstream life. It has evolved from humble beings in the late 1960s to an immeasurable phenomenon way into the future, millions of families have instant, fast access the Internet quotidian and this too shall continue to grow with the introduction in Australia of a national broadband network.This paper demonstrated that most sexual predators, who commit sexual abuse on a child in the physical world, initially become acquainted with the child by communication over the Internet and employed more advanced grooming techniques to gain a childs trust. The paper established that the Internet has had a dramatic impact on the evolution of child exploitation by providing an avenue for sexual predators to seek out potential victims and to communicate with them. The rapid development and explosive use of the Internet have allowed for increased opportunities for recruiting children for sexually purposes through social networking sites and chat rooms and the paper identified the Internet as an ideal setting for child sexual exploitation through anonymity and the ease with which one can masquerade. Finally, this paper has identified and ultimately demonstrated that through the revolution of the Internet it provided new tools for sexual predators to sexually exploit children in the digital and virtual generation.

Human Rights in the Workplace

Human Rights in the WorkplaceKonark NandaThe legal environment is critical to Canadian boil relations. Employment standards legislation mandates the minimum terms of employment such as minimum vacations, holi days and wages. These provide a floor for the negotiation of collective agreements. Any come terms relating to issues covered by employment standards legislation must provide at least the minimum rights provided in the legislation.Human rights legislation prohibits inequality and curse and imposes a duty to accommodate. All jurisdictions have their own human rights legislation. This legislation and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms be the basis for the law relating to discrimination in each(prenominal) jurisdiction.Human rights legislation in each jurisdiction in Canada sets out prohibited grounds of discrimination. There are several prohibited grounds that grant to all jurisdictions in Canada, certain protections are not assured in every part of Canada. Discrim ination based on age, marital status, physical or mental impairment, and sexual orientation are found in federal and human rights laws throughout Canada demographic factors such as family status, pardoned convictions, and gender identity do not fall within protected ground in several federal or provincial human rights code. Human rights are important in the relationships that exist between individuals and the government that has power over them. The government exercises power over its people. However, human rights mean that this power is limited. Provinces must look after the grassroots needs of the people and protect some of their freedoms.Ontarios Human Rights Code, the first in Canada, was enacted in 1962. The Code states that every person has a right to equal give-and-take with respect to employment without discrimination or harassment because of race, ancestry, place of origin, color, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expres sion, age, record of offences, marital status, family status or disability (Rights Commission, 2016).Discrimination happens in several ways. It finish be direct, indirect, or systemic. Discrimination can also be things like reprisal, a poisoned environment, harassment, or racial profiling. immediately discrimination means discriminating against someone because you think they are different from you. It includes practices or behaviors that have a negative effect of a person or a aggroup of people who belong to a ground listed under the Code. It doesnt matter that you didnt intend to treat them differently. What matters is whether your actions or what you said results in discrimination.Constructive discrimination refers to a neutral rule that has an adverse impact on an individual because of prohibited grounds of discrimination it whitethorn be unintentional.Systemic discrimination may be part of a system, like how decisions are make, and the practices and policies, or the culture o f the organization. For example, the head of the company likes golf, and only wants to promote managers who play golf.In human rights legislation, there is a duty to accommodate that requires prize to be adopted preventing people from being adversely affected by workplace requirements based on a prohibited ground of discrimination. giving medication Objectives in Labour transaction Government plays an important role in the regulation of labour relations process. Government has made bodies to oversee key processes such as labor union organizing, contract negotiations and the administration of the collective agreement. Government regulates the labour relations outcomes by overlooking agreements, strikes, and lockout. Government has to put in in labour relations as they could affect the economy by causing inflationary pressure. To protect public interest and limit disruption of the public, governments can seek to avoid strikes and lockouts through labour legislation that places re striction on strikes and lockouts, assistance during negotiating in the form of conciliation and mediation and back to work legislation. Government regulates economy, control inflation and unemployment through monetary and fiscal policies. Government regulates market practices and results with minimum terms of employment and human rights legislations. federal agency of Unions in Labour Relations Unions are key actors in the labour relations system. The main objectives of unions are to improve the terms and conditions of work, protect arbitrary management action, providing conflict resolution and employee input and pursuing social and economic change. Unions try to achieve these objectives by organizing employees, contract negotiations, strikes and boycotts, grievances and arbitration, court / legal actions, political activities, union management collaborations and other unilateral actions.Role of ManagementIn the private sector management has two main core objectives the maximizati on of profit and maintaining control over the business. In the public and noncommercial sectors, employers seek to balance operating budgets, comply with government policy initiatives and meet the demands for the public services at reasonable costs. The management must achieve its objectives age taking care of its employees and not discriminating against them. The management has a duty to accommodate its employees till the time it does not cause them undue hardship. Possible measure to accommodate are allowing a period of absence from work, reduced hours, transfer to an alternate job, training to facilitate a move to another job.Certification bring in Ontario When the union applies to the board, the union must establish that it is a trade union as defined in the labour relations legislation, the application is timely, the group of employees specified in the application is an appropriate bargaining whole and the union has adequate support of employees in the proposed unit.In the b eginning of the certification process Ontario government makes the union send out a notification of application to both the employer and any current union(s). Certification package is send out by union that is described in Ontario Labour Relations boards (OLRB) and this information is also available to other parties to prepare their responses to the application. Then the union makes its application to the ORLB, along with membership endorse gather in the organizing campaign that it considers appropriate for a collective bargaining unit.All the parties are then contacted by OLRB to ensure that the notification has occurred, the employer post a notice to the employees in the work place informing them that a vote will be held.All the unions and the employers representing the effected employees give feedback to the OLRB within two days of the application being filed. The information normally includes the actual number of employees in the bargaining unit proposed by the union and any al ternating bargaining unit proposed, while listing this information employers must decide if its challenging the union application under section 8.1 of Ontario labor relation act 1995.Based on the information provided by the union, OLRB decides to sanction it if it appears the union has the support of at least 40% of the employees in the bargaining unit which is being proposed and if thats the case then a secret ballot vote is held in the work place within five days of filling the application, board has the power to change the time stock if necessary. The voters whose eligibility to vote is in doubt and then they later become eligible, then their names are written on the envelope and dropped in ballot box. The OLRB holds a secret ballot vote. Anyone who is in the bargaining unit in the union that has applied for the certification can vote. If the majority (50% + 1) of workers who caste vote to unionize, the union is certified. On the off chance that the assentation cant be achieved, a hearing before the OLRB will be planned for four weeks after the vote. Its possible that the vote riding habit be numbered until after the board issues its choice. On the off chance that more than 50 percent of the votes are supportive of the union, the OLRB will grant certification.ReferencesPublishing, P. Why are Human Rights Important? Retrieved from http//www.pearsonpublishing.co.uk/education/samples/S_497198.pdfRights Commission, O. H. (2016). Employment. Retrieved from http//www.ohrc.on.ca/en/social_areas/employmentSuffield, L., Gannon, G. L. (n.d.). Labour relations

A Project In Al Ain City Tourism Essay

A Project In Al own(prenominal) metropolis Tourism EssayIntroduction of Al ain CityAl Ain urban center is immaterial part of Emirate. The meaning of Al Ain in Arabic is The Spring. It holds greatest Emi pass judgment culture. Its geographical atomic number 18a is 1,270,000 hect ares. Al Ain urban center digest m some(prenominal) distinct geographical areas with different characteristics.The population of Al Ain City are 540,000 with 400,000 regions. This city is very important as a social and economic hub. Al Ain city located in west of Hajar mountains. (Al Ain City Introduction)Business in Al Ain CityPrivate governances are extremely valued in Al Ain City. In this city fresh ideas are always promoted. If you are dismissal to set a new business in Al Ain City, Following information will friendful for your business. This will give you a legal brief idea on how to get business start-up. It will in addition tell you ab come forward getting business license and registry. (Busi ness in Al AIn City)If you have an effective business plan and wand to take a safest step forward in new business then Al Ain city is the slump place for establishing your business. Procedures are very simple and transparent. This procedure takes only few days if you have all documents those are acceptd by applicable authorities. (Business Startup)SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis comes under Marketing Management. After applying management plans SWOT analysis is used. SWOT stands for Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T). Strengths and weaknesses are the part of internal process. Opportunities and threats are the external process of each business firm. SWOT analysis is very effective for business in Al Ain City. SWOT analysis for every business in Al Ain city explained below (SWOT Introduction)StrengthsStrengths of Al Ain organization depends on the resources and capabilities that they are using in their organization. These are the basics for developing a com petitive advantage. Simple examples of these strengths areAl Ain organization has patents for their business.It has strong brand strikeIn all over emirate Al Ain organization has earnest reputation among their consumers or customers.Al Ain knows follows all laws related to their field and always updated from these new laws. It is the cost advantage for Al Ain Organization.Al Ain organization uses the best natural resources for exclusive access.Al Ain has robust economy.It has political stabilityWeaknessesWeaknesses are the lacking of strengths of any organization. Al Ain organization has also some weaknesses such asSuch laws are there that we cant understand easily.If our business brand name is not powerful. Brand name should be according to Al Ain city religion.Poor performance in front of customers is also a weakness. passing social structured coast.If Business man do not about access to good natural resources.In many cases sometime, a weakness becomes strength for organizatio n. (Strengths and Weaknesses)OpportunitiesOpportunities are an external part of any organization. For doing business in Al Ain city you have to follow SWOT analysis. So you can find out the opportunities for business in Al AinAl Ain citys customer belongs to Islamic culture so you need to understand the customer requirements and satisfaction of customers.Al Ain city have many types of new technologies so these are the opportunities for stabilising business in Al Ain city.Loosening of RegulationsRemove the transnational concern barriersThreatsChanging in the external part of an organization also creates many threats. Some examples areCustomers taste always varies according to time change. So organizations always disable to know these things.Growth of substitute product is also creates a threat for an Organization.Increased trade barriers. (Opportunities and threats)Porters Diamond of National AdvantageIncreasingly, corporate schema does have to be seen globally. Even if an Al Ain organization does not imagine to import- merchandise directly but now they can import and export directly. Because there are many competitors in market, they provide better service so this is the key factor in for increasing domestic market. Information technology is reservation strong to this trend. Michael Porter describes a example that gives permission for analyzing why few nations are competitive than others nations are. He also described that what is the reason behind the achievement of domestic companies in compression of other nations company. This feign is the Advantage for any organization who wants to set our business in Al Ain city. In This model Determining actors of national advantage is cognize as Porters Diamond. It proposed that organization should have better national home base. It pays an important role for achieving advantage in a global market. This home base helps for building advantages in universal competition.Factor ConditionsProduction factors, infras tructure, like skilled labor etc. These factors are important for reach a business in Al Ain city. These factors provide competitive advantage if we have quality in those factors. These factors categorized into human resources, material resources, intimacy resources, infrastructure, and capital resources. Quality of research, liquidity of national stock markets and deregulation come under factor. Every country has its own set of factor conditions. It explains cost of any organization.Home Demand ConditionsHome withdraw conditions tell the demand of product in market for an organization. They increase the demand of product and quality of service. Porter states that a company can get national advantages in market segment, if company knows home demand clearly. Home demand condition states the value of product demand in international market.Related and supporting IndustriesThe industries that can coordinate activities in the value chain together are called supporting industry. These supporting industry help for improving over business. You are going to set-up a business in Al Ain city so you should collaborate with other well know organization.Firm Strategy, Structure, and RivalryCondition in Al Ain tell that what will be the result of your business, how to organize your business, achievement of goals etc. It provides advantages and disadvantages to your company. Your way of great(p) instruction is also matters in company. (Porters Diamond)PEST AnalysisAl Ain city in UAE operates in micro and large environment, there are particulars are changing time to time. An internal and external factor of any organization determines the formulation of right strategies and business. The PEST is the only best technique to determines the scanning of macro level environment, in which four factors include as follows (PEST Introduction)P Political FactorsE Economic FactorsS Socio-cultural FactorsT Technology FactorsPolitical FactorsPolitical Factors majorly teetotumAl Ai n is the part of the UAE in which the rate of crime is low as well as politically stable city. Also, with the UAE it enjoys financial stability. Its well-developed Infrastructure, robust banking structure features extensive credit and service facilities with ample liquidity for peoples and outsiders or visitors as well. Al Ain has a leading-edge technologies and sound regulatory systems in the city. The government is also committed to consistent commitment to business development, good economic policies including all kind of protection into logical property rights. The UAE benefits from stable and pleasant industrial relations. Finally, there is a well structured, sound legal framework for strong business and a healthy set of ownership rules.Particularly a political factor covers in following pointsTaxes on product and servicesEmployment newsTariffsTradePolitical stabilityGovernment policy on economy stamp down on immigration.Government stability has provided here less taxes duties and food service products with kind of great varieties in shopping centres. Foreigners are permitted to have an ownership right of up to 49% for limited liability companies established within the Emirate of Dubai and up to 100% for number of professional companies, including its branches and representative offices in different cities. all of these factors utterly give a positive view about Al Ain City. (Political Factor)Economic FactorsEconomic Factors are important to get the power of customer heart purchasing strength of people, stability of economy. The fluctuation of economy impacts the product prices and services there. So more or less following factors are play a vital roleHigher the interest rate lowers the investmentEconomic exploitation in terms of GDPInflation rateExchange ratesVery low inflation and unemploymentFavourable prediction for growth in the economyLack of corporate reformAl Ain city is known as the garden city of the Gulf it is witnessing a marvellous boom in all economic sectors and social activities.At the time of Town planning, as per the Annual Statistical report of the Al Ain Municipality, in 2002 the Department has issued 1062 fresh construction licenses and interestingly only 53 of them related to government, 12902 new trade licenses also including 2556 for restaurants (2904 in 2001).The number of central parks increased to 26, covering a large area and raised the huge number of date thread trees.As far as the business growth has increased, a new with high height shopping mall has been added to the city along with a good number of small and medium size businesses and a lot of housing compounds and new multi-storey buildings, as well as a Sheraton Hotel (five star) is under construction. (Economical Factor)Socio-cultural FactorsModern companionship is playing vital role in development of city with municipal organizations. The bases of them are social and economical environment, municipalitys facilities, and infrastructure.This c ity has also known as tend city of the Gulf. Al ain municipality is providing remarkable service to have latest and highest standards of scientific and technology quality. Al ain municipality also committed to get excellence through its development of business systems. (Socio-cultural Factor)The city of Al Ain, meaning the spring in Arabic has remarkable history and excellent heritage in it.The organization named ADACH, Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage is focusing restoration part of its strategy plan to preserve or guard the physical heritage of Abu Dhabi. Historic buildings require more maintenance. ADACH is responsible for providing the protection to its tangible cultural heritage of Abu Dhabi, and this encompasses the maintenance of buildings, considering a number of sites and important projects, with an extreme focus on historic buildings. Meanwhile, Dr. Sami Al Masri, Deputy Director of department of General for Arts, Culture and Heritage at ADACH, said that a pr ogram has been launched for the renovation of a group of historic buildings. All these buildings really needed an immediate intervention, to assure their safety and to avoid deterioration. (Socio- cultural in Al Ain)Technology FactorsTechnology has a very exploring and rapid growth in the field of construction, expansions, growth with application to the Al-Ain City in Dubai, UAE. These are the use of Virtual Reality techniques really put Al Ain city a bit ahead in technology field. Currently, Reality packs are the most increasing fields of information technology and have a great media attention.There is evidence to suggest that the use of such technology will enhance conceivable image of any aspect of project development at any urban setting for customers, users and clients. So, the city officials and administrators as well as public (users) can reach better life style within their towns and cities. A basic VR model to the street is a very good example of technology construction. Th e buildings heights in the street are telling the story of growth of technology here. The technology is providing the great look and feel for the visual quality of the city.In essence the part of this study showed that Al Ain visualization is proving to be a remarkable tool for technology designers and planners. Increasing the heights of buildings in the mid-street shows the technologys height and on the edges, along with enforcing distinctive architectural styles for the proposed buildings will enhance the general quality of the street. Additionally, decreasing the strength of current vegetation and tree heights will increase the imaginable quality of the street. However, the built of a comprehend VR model needs more time, resources and. This report, shows to us that we are moving fast with the help of technology and its day by day new inventions. Human lives are safekeeping cool by technology. We are now more comfortable to identify existing problems and to quickly evaluate alter native solutions to those problems. (technology factor)

The Physics Behind Parking :: physics science cars vehicles

BackgroundAfter a long day of cruising through with(predicate) town with your buddy, the two of you have grown quite an appetite. You spot a McDonalds at the top of a very steep hill. Unfornately a local biker crime syndicate must of had the same idea. Encredibly, the only available parking spot is on the street, uphill of nearly 15 Harleys. There are no other restaurants for atomic number 6 miles in all directions. Famished, your friend skillfully manuvers his car to the side of the road. The breaks shudder as the car comes to a stop on the hill. He holds the brake, puts it into first, and shuts off the car. caperBikers dont take kindly to people messing with their bikes. Your friend is about to let off of the brake. Being the physics major you are, you have to decide whether its safe to park or safer to go hungry. Your friends car is pretty old, and the e-brake hasnt worked for years. The car will be held in place solely by the moter. There are two mean facial expression bikers smoking outside entrance. They are watching you so there probably wouldnt be time to make a run for it. spangn What You KnowYour buddys car is classic, and Im sure he would want to make more than an educated guess. Ive done a little investigating to help you out a bit. I took a torque wrench to the motor, and resists it resists aproximately 46 ft*lbs of torque at the crankshaft. After the compression bleeds down this number is reduced to 38 ft*lbs. The cars boot differential has a 3.73 to 1 gear ratio and a manual transmission with a 3.35 to 1 ratio in first gear. The tires are 28 inches in diameter and the gross weight of the car is approximately 2100 lbs. The hill is often travelled by truckers, and on the way up you noticed a sign that said the hill was at a 26 degree angle with the horizontal. SummaryWhen the car is at rest this means it is in a system of static equilibrium. Gravity is pushing forward on the car, and the tires are pushing back on the car via the reaction force of friction in the motor. The steeper the hill, the greater the force of gravity acting on the car, the greater the reaction force in the motor must have. As stated before, the maximum torque that can be applied to the motor before it rotates is 38 ft*lbs.

Portrait of a Cartographer :: Creative Writing Essays

Portrait of a Cartographer Someone must decide how to excuse maps. Where to put the pale yellow, coral pink, the olive green, burnt orange, magenta. Where to put the darkest shades of sacrilegious. The well-definedest. There is something of symmetry, of composition. There is topography to consider. Demographics. The vast expanse of open land, open water, the sensuous curves of coastline, of voltaic pile ranges, of rivers with their writhing bodies and forked tongues. The color of the ocean is according to its depth. In terms of Indonesia, of Nova Scotia, of Sudan, colors are arbitrary. They reject symbolism, existing only to say look here, I am this and not the other. Differentiation, identity within borders. To imagine each color as a body, each convex to the concave of another, like spoons stacked, like lovers in bed, like the earthen layers of sedimentary rock. Pages of a history book warped from moisture. In the skies of the northern hemisphere, I have learned to trust Orio n. His delicate flush of three hanging sensuously off-center, suggesting contraposto. I imagine he must look much like stone, marble perhaps. Michelangelos David. Head of frozen curls, rippled abdomen, arm to the side, large curled hands like leaves. A summer sky in Africa, I could not find him so I trusted the Confederate Cross. Four stars are one more than three. I am the space between stars. In stellar cartography, you will know me as such. Smothered by darkest nebula, clusters of blue-white giants. Orphaned objects in deep sky, brilliant for the taking, I push them apart with my palms. I could swallow them whole but my throat is too small, my belly distended and blue like an infant. And that is the way I cry. There in my narrow boat cutting across a black sea, no moss. Carina the keel, Vela the sail. Flapping of white light across my face. Carry me from this world of names, of butterflies asphyxiated, pinned down across blue velvet. Each wing goes unremembered in this sky, th is world of moon stations. The phoenix was remembered too late. She needed mode to breath she has choked on ash. No one heard her cry out, but I felt the earth, the night sky quake. The Pleiades are seven sisters, a young and hot open cluster of stars. Daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Violet beauties, a core of white heat.